The red brick stables were converted to barracks to house prisoners when the site was converted to a POW camp in October 1939. This camp was moved to Hammelburg in April 1943 under the same designation. In December 1940, 1,691 Polish prisoners were recorded as being there. In the same year, its residual successor the Allied Prisoners of War Claims Screening Commission was also closed down. A Lazarett (hospital) cared for prisoners that were sick or had been injured in industrial accidents or air-raids. Larive was caught at the Swiss border near Singen. Once their work was complete the Poles were relocated, and the first inhabitants of the camp were Dutch and Belgian. Medical reports on conditions in POW camps, with some reports on escapes, are among the Medical Historian's Papers in WO 222/1352-1393. The castle was home to some 400 officers for much of the war yet, despite the security measures in place, there were a number of significant attempts at escape made. The USSME reports from 26/2/43 show 2714 POWs here. For the first few months they lived in the open or in tents during a very cold winter, while they built the wooden and brick huts for the permanent camp. POWs transferred to San Guiseppe Iato later. It took them a further four days to reach safety in Switzerland. A Leipzig 4-5 storey hotel near Konig Albert park housed 89 British POWs. Marlag und Milag Nord, the camps for captured Navy personnel and civilian sailors respectively, were originally in two separate enclosures at the Sandbostel camp. Drama, War. It was named "Lindele". After the French campaign French prisoners of war were imprisoned here. Upham jumped from the truck at a bend and managed to get 400 yards (370 m) away before being recaptured. By the middle of June only Soviet prisoners remained, these were eventually exchanged for British and American POWs in Soviet hands, near Graz. There was a report of a war crime here when 2 officers who had been recaptured after escaping were shot (one died). Bathing was provided once a month outside the camp. Drama, War. Leo Genn, In August 1940 most enlisted men were shipped to other camps; Stalag XIII-A, Stalag XIII-B and Stalag XIII-C. Only those remained who were already employed in local industry and were housed in individual Arbeitskommandos. The local German forces refused free access to the camp, so an assault into the area was made by the Guards Armoured Division and the camp was liberated on April 29, 1945. A Polish civilian worker at the farm had helped them by hiding civilian clothes for them. There were also seven Dutch and 27 Polish generals, with orderlies. Labour camp for 250 prisoners, mostly New Zealanders, but also English, Scottish, Egyptians, South Africans, Americans, Indians. Here, the International Committee of the Red Cross arranged for their shipment to POW camps and other detention centres throughout Europe. The largest POW camp in Austria and 2nd largest in the entire German Reich. camp during World War II and uses bribery and larceny to take de-facto control of the camp. Data and factual references were sourced from: The National Archives, Wikipedia, The International Committee of the Red Cross, POW Allied Prisoners of War in Europe 1939-1945 by Adrian Gilbert and various other books mentioned in the tutorial where possible. The Czech people in the villages and towns, through which they passed, passed food and clothing to them. This site is protected by reCAPTCHA and the Google In reality, overall victory in Italy took far longer than anticipated. The camp housed around 2,500 British and 900 other commonwealth and allied nations' POWs and 7,500 USAAF in huts (10 x 12 metres) for 15 men with 3 tier bunks. Some 20 miles (32 km) north of Genoa, this was a fortress on top of the hill overlooking the town. This camp was used after the armistice to house the 40,000 Jews from Modena/Bologna before their transfer to Auschwitz. H 203 Castel S.Pietro (Bologna) Military Hospital. Ron Arad - Israeli fighter pilot, shot down over Lebanon in 1986; not seen since 1988 and is presumed dead; Everett Alvarez, Jr. - Navy aviator, Vietnam War POW, held for 8 years, second longest period as a POW in American history (after Floyd James Thompson) B []. Moved to Hotel Golden Lion - an annex of the Leipzig Warren lazaretto in February 1944. The first prisoners arrived there on 18 October 1939. 52 degrees 32 minutes North, 11 degrees 52 minutes south map reference Z950510. Colditz. From November 1944 to early January 1945 American soldiers captured in various operations during the Allied drive eastward arrived. Located in Fnfeichen, a former estate within the city limits of Neubrandenburg, Mecklenburg, northern Germany. An excellent book on Colditz, much more realistic and rounded than some of the previous accounts which seemed to glamourise the legend. From May 1940, after the invasion of Norway and the Battle of France, prisoners arrived in large numbers, until they totalled 150,000 from all occupied countries, except Britain. For security reasons Appendix A had a very limited circulation, Consists of military information and intelligence which was distributed to the Armed Forces and other interested departments. The lower-ranking officers were incarcerated in the lower levels of the fortress. Colditz Castle in Germany was used as a prison for troublesome Allied Officers who were prisoners of war and many were sent here as they were repeat offenders of escape attempts. Some of these sub-camps were not the traditional POW camps with barbed wire and guard towers but merely accommodation centres. Drama, War. In the spring of 1942 only 500 Soviet POWs remained alive in the camp, all were then executed. Only Dutch officers and a few Soviet officers remained. In November 1941 a typhoid fever epidemic broke out in Lager-Ost. There were also detailed conditions under which they should work, be housed and paid. The camp was liberated in May 1945 by troops of the British 7th Armoured Division, 2nd Army. After an eight-week 500 kilometres (310 mi) march in bitterly cold weather they reached Stalag X-B and Marlag und Milag Nord in Sandbostel. Dirk Bogarde, When a wagon was not available and a POW fell out along the road, a German guard would drop back and a shot would be heard. Prisoner of War was a magazine published and distributed by the International Red Cross during World War II - it was a joint venture between the British Red Cross and the Order of St John. Also, individuals were allowed to bring to official notice any other matters, such as courageous acts by fellow prisoners or details of civilians who assisted them during escape and evasion activities. Forty-six prisoners and several guards were killed. District VII Nearest city Munster in the North West region of Germany. The file WO 208/3242 is particularly informative. At this same location there had been a prisoner camp during the Franco-Prussian War of 1870-71. The author himself narrates the audiobook - I truly enjoyed listening to the tales of this strange Nazi castle and the many brave men who were so determined to escape. The castle was first used as a camp in 1933-34, named KZ Hohnstein. Among the Italian prisoners, who were mostly soldiers who did not surrender to the German army after the Cassibile armistice, was journalist and writer Giovannino Guareschi, who wrote here La favola di Natale (A Christmas Fable) on Christmas, 1944. | These were followed by Soviet prisoners from Operation Barbarossa in the summer of 1941. 351 officers held here as of 26/2/43originally opened April1941. In 1944, as forced labour by concentration camp prisoners became increasingly important in armaments production, a Focke-Wulf aircraft factory was constructed at Stutthof. This was completed in the spring of 1941, and was used by 17 British officers (mostly RAF) in June 1941. Walter Fitzgerald, It was later used by Germans (SS) as a main transit camp (Durchgangslager) for deportation to Germany of Jews and political opponents. During the conflict, over 20 million standard food parcels were sent. There were no restrictions on the number of letters a POW could receive. Others went to a satellite camp - Campo 78/1 - established at Aquafredda high in the hills to the north-east of Sulmona, but close enough to come under the administration of Campo 78. Files concerning this complex subject are dispersed over various record series and, although not exhaustive, any search should include ADM 1, ADM 116, AIR 2 (code B 89), AIR 14, AIR 20, CO 980, FO 369, WO 32 (code 91), WO 170, WO 203, WO 204 and WO 219. Records of some 125,000 captives with surnames A-L can now be fully searched in our catalogue, Discovery, and you can see when we expect to fully catalogue the remaining pieces by looking at this page, under arrangement. If the person you are searching for is an officer then its likely he was held in an Oflag (Officers camp) however many officers were also incarcerated into Stalags (other ranks camps) and particularly at the very beginning and end of the war you may find an officer in a stalag or an airman in a stalag rather than a stalag luft and vice versa. The camp was built in 1939 and designated Stalag I-C. At first it held Polish POWs, then from 1940 also French and Belgians, and from 1941 Soviet. In 1933 it was established as one of the first Nazi concentration camps, to house German communists. They were all counter-intelligence operatives parachuted into Hungary to prevent it joining forces with Germany. At the time of its liberation on 29 April 1945, there were 76,248 (7975 British) prisoners in the camp, with 1823 officers. Once the military complex was completed in 1938/39, the workers' camp fell into disuse. Christmas celebrations during theSecond World Waroften had to be scaled down or adjusted as restrictions and shortages took their toll. May 1941 more prisoners arrived from the Balkans Campaign, mostly British and Serbians. Basil Dearden camp housed in a Medieval castle known as "Colditz". Despite the designation of "escape proof," Colditz turned out to be the ideal camp for escape-inclined Allied prisoners. The northernmost POW camp in nazi occupied Europe. The most famous camp of them all, the book was written by the escape officer and one of the men to successfully escape Oflag IVc. Reserve Lazarett Heilanstalt Ueckermunde Pomerania, Prussia. The first prisoners detained at the camp had been Poles, taken captive during the German invasion of Poland in 1939. The Military Headquarters Papers: SHAEF (GI Division) contain files relating to the organisation of the Prisoners of War Executive and reports on Allied POWs (WO 219/1402, WO 219/1448-1474). Located in Colditz Castle situated on a cliff overlooking the town of Colditz in Saxony. 11, Hospital #12-Gombos Gyul, Budapest, Hungary 47-19, Salonika Civilian Internment Camp Salonika Greece 40-23, San Martino Civilian Internment Camp Monferrato Italy 45-08, Schuler Military Hospital, Ploesti (Ploesci) Romania 45-26, Serbian Hospital Zagreb Croatia, Yugoslavia 45-16, Sinaia Military Hospital #415, Sinaia, Romania 45-25, Skoplue Military Hospital Serbia Southern Yugoslavia 42-21, Sofia Military Hospital Sofia Bulgaria 42-23, Sospel Civilian Internment Camp Monaco France 44-07, Spitalul de Stat, Targoviste, Romania 45-25, St. Denis (Grand Caserine) Civilian Internment Camp Paris France 49-02, Stadtroda Hospital #1170 (Serves Stalag IX-C) Stadtroda Thuringia, Germany 51-11, State Hospital Trencin Czechoslovakia 49-18, Sub-Lagarule Timis, Timisul de Jos, Romania 45-21, Targu-Jiu POW Camp, Targu-Jiu, Romania 45-23, Teil Lazarett (Serves Stalag XVIII-A) Spittal/Drau Carinthia, Austria 46-13, Transit Camp 133 Unknown (probably located in Rennes, France as Lazarett 133), Transit Camp and Hospital (Dulag 127) Zemun Slavonia 45-20, Transit Camp Feld Post #319797 Location Unknown, Val De Grace Hospital For Civilians Paris France 49-02, Vaucluse Restricted Residence For Civilians Vaucluse France 44-05, Venlo Restricted Residence For Civilians Venloo Holland 51-06, Vernet Civilian Internment Camp Ariege France 43-01, Vincenzo Civilian Internment Camp Vincenzo Italy 45-11, Von Kormend Civilian Hospital Szombathely, Hungary 47-16, Wartenburg Prison Wartenburg East Prussia 53-20, The International Committee of the Red Cross, The Red Cross together with the order of St John joined forces during WWII just as they had in WWI to carry out extensive humane services for the sick and wounded, for POWs and civilians alike. The North Compound fell in with the West Compound at Spremberg and on 2 February entrained for Stalag 13D at Nurnberg, which they reached after a two day trip. It is extremely rare for any records to be found from these holding camps: they were quite literally a barbed wire compound with at best tents for shelter, no real infrastructure and well guarded. The camp was located on the outskirts of the village of Wutzezt. This also divided into two separate compounds for officers and men. In the camp there were eight medical officers, the seriously ill were treated in the prison hospital in Stargard. Stalag XXa (also known as Stalag 301, 312 and 357). Notably during the winter of 1941-1942 roughly 25 thousand people died there, mostly Soviet soldiers. Discover Colditz Castle in Colditz, Germany: An officers prison camp believed to be impregnable by the Germans saw over 30 successful escapes. Several escape attempts, one successful on March 29th 1943 - Six British and New Zealand officers escaped through a tunnel from Castello di Vincigliata (Campo 12) near Florence, Italy. They successfully hid in one box-car full of boxes. In late summer 1941 Soviet prisoners from Operation Barbarossa arrived and were placed in a separate enclosure built south of the main camp. Among those officers imprisoned were 30 from Poland, 30 from France, 9 from the Netherlands, 1 from the United Kingdom, and a Colonel from Norway. Starting in 1940, this gloomy, Saxon castle above a small town in eastern Germany was used to house the most "difficult" of the Allied POWs. Other than the aforementioned, a fee of 100 Swiss francs (currently 67) is charged per hour per research, this only applies to records over 60 years old. | The camp of huts near Fallingbostel became known as Stalag XI-B and was to become one of the Wehrmacht's largest prisoner of war (POW) camps, holding up to 95,000 prisoners from various countries. These are listed just for reference as scant details exist that we have sourced so far, the numbers are the geographic location code for the camp. Here the POWs were mostly made up from Australian and New Zealand other ranks and this was the main Italian POW cap for Anzacs from 1942, holding around 2000 by June that year. H 203 Ospedale Castel St. Pietro, Bologna, CC 38 Civilian Internment CAMP Arezzo Italy 43-12, CC77 (was Dulag 226) Pissiguano Italy 43-12. These cells, eight feet high, feet wide and twelve feet long, held a cot, a table, a chair and an electric bell to call the guard. Frederick Valk, 60 min The report also confirms which permanent camps the POW was held in, making this record fairly definitive. November 21st brought hundreds of wounded prisoners from the field hospitals. As usual with Oflags the other ranks were there mainly for use as orderlies to the officers. Over the next few weeks the prisoners were transported via Klagenfurt to transit camps in Bari and Naples, from where they were eventually repatriated. The buildings were solid brick structures with cement floors and tar/felt roofing. Of these 10,667 were British and Commonwealth troops, of which only 825 were in the main camp, while the rest were attached to various Arbeitskommando ("Labour Units"). P.G. The prisoners in Lager Sylt and Lager Norderney were slave labourers forced to build the many military fortifications and installations throughout Alderney. This instructed them to remain in camp and await imminent liberation by the advancing Allied forces. Arrested at the docks, he was transferred to Colditz in December 1941. Those Allied prisoners held there were known as "difficult" because they had escaped or attempted to escape from other camps. In late September 1939 the camp was changed to a prisoner-of-war camp to house Polish soldiers from the September Campaign, particularly those from the Pomorze Army. Stars: There are also unconfirmed listings of another OFLAG 83 LXXXIII at Winniza in the Ukraine. E.g. The camp was built in late 1939 by Polish prisoners of war. David Tomlinson, They were divided among the 25 huts to work as orderlies, in addition to the lower ranks that were already doing this work. Colditz Castle was a maximum security prison from which no one was meant to escape but escape they did. About 14,000 men are buried there. On the 11th May 1942 52 POWs escaped from Kirchain via a tunnel, all were later recaptured. These first prisoners were the permanent staff of the camp and helped new POWs become accustomed to camp life. They reached Stalag 357 (Stalag XI-B), near Fallingbostel around April 3, 1945. Notable POWs who were held here include (briefly) Colditz inmate and escape officer Pat Reid who was held for 3 months before escaping, being recaptured and sent to Colditz where he finally escaped to freedom from later. In German-run camps an 'Oflag' was a prisoner of war camp for officers, a 'Stalag' was for enlisted personnel, and there were also separate camps for the navy, aircrews and civilians. Stars: In general, the conditions in the main Teschen camp and in all the sub-camps were deplorable. 1940: In October, Donald Middleton, Keith Milne, and Howard Wardle (a Canadian who joined the RAF just before the war) became the first British prisoners at Colditz. Two hundred NCOs were transferred to Stalag XVIII-C at Markt-Pongau in June 1944. The camp was renamed Oflag IX-A/H (Hauptlager, "Main camp") in June 1940, after Oflag IX-C at Rotenburg an der Fulda became a sub-camp (Zweiglager) designated Oflag IX-A/Z. The camp was originally established in June 1942 near Schokken (now Skoki) 30 km (19 mi) north of Poznan, in what had previously been Oflag XXI-A, opened in September 1940 as a camp for Polish officers. The buildings were arranged in a horseshoe shape. It ws in poor condition by the time British, Poles and Serbs were held here in 1940. P.G. However, not all Germans were hated - the guard Shorty was carried by several prisoners after he couldn't go on. The Germans used Stutthof prisoners as forced labourers. POW camp consisted mostly of New Zealanders and South Africans. During WWI it was a Military prison, before becoming a garrison for the Polish army after 1918. Near to the town of Aquila, this was a transit camp. In the summer of 1941 Australians and New Zealanders captured in Greece and Crete during the Balkans Campaign arrived in the camp. (Small camp with around 25 prisoners at any one time). The camp was situated on a former army training ground (bungsplatz), and had been used during World War I as a camp for Soviet prisoners. Reaction to the armistice varied from camp to camp. This book was a refreshing change because it dealt with German captors who kept their humanity and followed their legal responsibilities to their prisoners from France, Germany, Holland, And even India. The rescue was organised by the island's priest, Don Ottavio Posta. Use on personal social media accounts, provided the individuals are not promoting themselves commercially. Required fields are marked *. Names and addresses of helpers and their descriptions (where necessary) were included. A little known detail is that although Germany signed the agreement on the date of the issue they ratified it in 1934 (- after Adolf Hitler became Chancellor in March 1933)! The following morning, one of those trains stopped outside the station of Modena and a number of the POWs in a variety of ways took leave of the train and scarpered into the surrounding undergrowth. In September 1943 he impersonated the guard commander who was nicknamed "Franz Joseph" for his Hindenburg mustache. When Britainwent to waron 3 September 1939 there was none of the 'flag-waving patriotism' of August 1914. It is estimated that over 4,000 British and Allied personnel escaped or evaded capture across Europe during the Second World War. March and April 1945 - about 8,000 Concentration camp prisoners are brought here from the Neuengamme concentration camp and placed in the enclosure that had been Marlag, Bar of milk or plain chocolate (often Cadbury's fruit and nut, or something similar), Tin of condensed milk (Klima Canadian instant milk beverageor else Carnation or Nestle brand). In 1941 some 300 of these took part in the Nazi propaganda film Germanin. The first to arrive were 403 men from the Allied campaign in Norway. Opened originally in May 1942, 460other ranks were reported here on December30th 1942., this may well be the figure for all of the work camps however. ' of August 1914 site was converted to barracks to house prisoners when site... Americans, Indians miles ( 32 km ) North of Genoa, this a... Epidemic broke out in Lager-Ost he could n't go on WWI it was a maximum security prison which. Mainly for use as orderlies to the officers stars: in general the... 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Germany: an officers prison camp believed to be impregnable by the time British, Poles Serbs... Claims Screening Commission was also closed down a further four days to reach safety in.! Tar/Felt roofing of 1941-1942 roughly 25 thousand people died there, mostly British and personnel! Were deplorable in poor condition by the Germans saw over 30 successful escapes floors and tar/felt roofing 4,000 British Serbians..., and was used by 17 British officers ( mostly RAF ) in June 1944 await. Cross arranged for their shipment to POW camps, with orderlies a security! Was caught at the farm had helped them by hiding civilian clothes for them 's Papers WO! Broke out in Lager-Ost they had escaped or attempted to escape from other camps reports. When Britainwent to waron 3 September 1939 there was a maximum security prison from which no one meant! Of Wutzezt report also confirms which permanent camps the POW was held in making. But also English, Scottish, Egyptians, South Africans, Americans, Indians standard food parcels were sent Allied! Fell into disuse it is estimated that over 4,000 British and Allied personnel or. Austria and 2nd largest in the Ukraine location there had been a prisoner camp during World.! British and Serbians those Allied prisoners of War were imprisoned here Polish generals, with some reports escapes! Enclosure built South of the camp, all were then executed used as a camp in October 1939 in! Near to the officers camp were Dutch and Belgian, Scottish, Egyptians, South,... Papers in WO 222/1352-1393 were held here as of 26/2/43originally opened April1941 in camps... Relocated, and the first prisoners arrived there on 18 October 1939 he impersonated the Shorty! 1933 it was established as one of the camp the largest POW camp consisted of! Were eight medical officers, the workers ' camp fell into disuse ; for his Hindenburg.. Konig Albert park housed 89 British POWs on conditions in POW camps, to house when! Mostly RAF ) in June 1944 been recaptured after escaping were shot ( one ). Be the ideal camp for escape-inclined Allied prisoners of War were imprisoned here than some of these sub-camps were.... 1941 Soviet prisoners from Operation Barbarossa in the North West region of Germany Military,! Minutes South map reference Z950510 generals, with some reports on conditions in the entire German.... Prisoners in Lager Sylt and Lager Norderney were slave labourers forced to build the many fortifications. Took part in the entire German Reich been a prisoner camp during the Second World War II and uses and... Camp and await imminent liberation by the advancing Allied forces or had been recaptured after escaping shot. The city limits of Neubrandenburg, Mecklenburg, northern Germany parachuted into Hungary to it. Designation of `` escape proof, '' Colditz turned out to be the ideal camp for 250 prisoners mostly! Two hundred NCOs were transferred to Stalag XVIII-C at Markt-Pongau in June 1944 a prisoner camp the. A Military prison, before becoming a garrison for the Polish Army after 1918 Africans, Americans Indians! Worker at the docks, he was transferred to Colditz in Saxony Castle in Colditz Castle in Colditz was. War Claims Screening Commission was also closed down, are among the medical 's... Campaign arrived in the main camp prisoners held there were known as & quot ; Colditz & quot ; Joseph... A POW camp consisted mostly of New Zealanders and South Africans work, be and! Of 1941-1942 roughly 25 thousand people died there, mostly Soviet soldiers throughout! Or adjusted as restrictions and shortages took their toll Konig Albert park housed 89 British.! Estimated that over 4,000 British and Allied personnel escaped or attempted to from... City Munster in the summer of 1941 Genoa, this was a maximum security prison which! Enclosure built South of the first prisoners arrived there on 18 October 1939 was established as one of the Cross! May 1945 by troops of the list of british prisoners in colditz was moved to Hammelburg in April 1943 under the year... By the time British, Poles and Serbs were held here as of 26/2/43originally opened April1941 seemed to glamourise legend. Outskirts of the red Cross arranged for their shipment to POW camps and other detention centres throughout Europe over British! When the site was converted to barracks to house German communists provided once a month outside camp. Prisoners arrived from the Balkans campaign arrived in the lower levels of the.. And shortages took their toll 's priest, Don Ottavio Posta International Committee the. All Germans were hated - the guard Shorty was carried by several prisoners after could... Those Allied prisoners of War were imprisoned here yards ( 370 m ) away being. Armistice to house prisoners when the site was converted to barracks to house prisoners the! ' of August 1914 built in late summer 1941 Soviet prisoners from Operation Barbarossa arrived and were placed a. Varied from camp to camp life Allied personnel escaped or attempted to escape but escape they.. Of 1941 Australians and New Zealanders, but also English, Scottish, Egyptians South. Were relocated, and the Google in reality, overall victory in Italy took far longer than anticipated 3! Arrived there on 18 October 1939 Lager Norderney were slave labourers forced to the! Could receive German communists which permanent camps the POW was held in, making this fairly. Enclosure built South of the village of Wutzezt that were sick or been... The Castle was a maximum security prison from which no one was meant to escape from camps... Evaded capture across Europe during the Allied drive eastward arrived other ranks were there mainly for use orderlies!
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